Vega Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via expressions abusing toString calls in environments using the VEGA_DEBUG global variable (vega vega)

CVE-2025-59840
HIGH 8.1

At a glance

Source
NVD
EPSS
EPSS 0.42 % · percentile 37 ()
State
PUBLISHED
Published
Updated
Assigner
GitHub_M
NVD status
Deferred

Description

Vega is a visualization grammar, a declarative format for creating, saving, and sharing interactive visualization designs. In Vega prior to version 6.2.0, applications meeting 2 conditions are at risk of arbitrary JavaScript code execution, even if "safe mode" expressionInterpreter is used. They are vulnerable if they use `vega` in an application that attaches `vega` library and a `vega.View` instance similar to the Vega Editor to the global `window` and if they allow user-defined Vega `JSON` definitions (vs JSON that was is only provided through source code). Patches are available in the following Vega applications. If using the latest Vega line (6.x), upgrade to `vega` `6.2.0` / `vega-expression` `6.1.0` / `vega-interpreter` `2.2.1` (if using AST evaluator mode). If using Vega in a non-ESM environment, upgrade to `vega-expression` `5.2.1` / `1.2.1` (if using AST evaluator mode). Some workarounds are available. Do not attach `vega` View instances to global variables, and do not attach `vega` to the global window. These practices of attaching the vega library and View instances may be convenient for debugging, but should not be used in production or in any situation where vega/vega-lite definitions could be provided by untrusted parties.

Weaknesses (CWE)

  • CWE-79 — Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation

References

Scores

VersionScoreVectorScored by
CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.1CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:NGitHub_M
CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.1CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:NNVD · security-advisories@github.com (Secondary)

Advisories

European references

CERT-FR advisories

Affected products

ProductVersions
vega · vegaaffected vega < 6.2.0 ; affected vega-expression >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.0 ; affected vega-expression < 5.2.1 ; affected vega-interpreter >= 2.0.0, < 2.2.1 ; affected vega-interpreter < 1.2.1

Sources

SourceLicence
CVE List (CVEProject cvelistV5)CVE Program Terms of Use
EPSS (FIRST.org)FIRST — attribution requested
ENISA EUVDENISA — reproduction authorised, source acknowledged
CERT-FR (ANSSI)Licence Ouverte / Etalab 2.0
NVD (NIST) via fkie-cad/nvd-json-data-feedsPublic domain — this product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD