CVE-2025-21702
pfifo_tail_enqueue: Drop new packet when sch->limit == 0
At a glance
- Source
- NVD
- EPSS
- EPSS 0.28 % · percentile 21 ()
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Published
- Updated
- Assigner
- Linux
- NVD status
- Modified
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pfifo_tail_enqueue: Drop new packet when sch->limit == 0 Expected behaviour: In case we reach scheduler's limit, pfifo_tail_enqueue() will drop a packet in scheduler's queue and decrease scheduler's qlen by one. Then, pfifo_tail_enqueue() enqueue new packet and increase scheduler's qlen by one. Finally, pfifo_tail_enqueue() return `NET_XMIT_CN` status code. Weird behaviour: In case we set `sch->limit == 0` and trigger pfifo_tail_enqueue() on a scheduler that has no packet, the 'drop a packet' step will do nothing. This means the scheduler's qlen still has value equal 0. Then, we continue to enqueue new packet and increase scheduler's qlen by one. In summary, we can leverage pfifo_tail_enqueue() to increase qlen by one and return `NET_XMIT_CN` status code. The problem is: Let's say we have two qdiscs: Qdisc_A and Qdisc_B. - Qdisc_A's type must have '->graft()' function to create parent/child relationship. Let's say Qdisc_A's type is `hfsc`. Enqueue packet to this qdisc will trigger `hfsc_enqueue`. - Qdisc_B's type is pfifo_head_drop. Enqueue packet to this qdisc will trigger `pfifo_tail_enqueue`. - Qdisc_B is configured to have `sch->limit == 0`. - Qdisc_A is configured to route the enqueued's packet to Qdisc_B. Enqueue packet through Qdisc_A will lead to: - hfsc_enqueue(Qdisc_A) -> pfifo_tail_enqueue(Qdisc_B) - Qdisc_B->q.qlen += 1 - pfifo_tail_enqueue() return `NET_XMIT_CN` - hfsc_enqueue() check for `NET_XMIT_SUCCESS` and see `NET_XMIT_CN` => hfsc_enqueue() don't increase qlen of Qdisc_A. The whole process lead to a situation where Qdisc_A->q.qlen == 0 and Qdisc_B->q.qlen == 1. Replace 'hfsc' with other type (for example: 'drr') still lead to the same problem. This violate the design where parent's qlen should equal to the sum of its childrens'qlen. Bug impact: This issue can be used for user->kernel privilege escalation when it is reachable.
References
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78285b53266d6d51fa4ff504a23df03852eba84e
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7a9723ec27aff5674f1fd4934608937f1d650980
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a56a6e8589a9b98d8171611fbcc1e45a15fd2455
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/020ecb76812a0526f4130ab5aeb6dc7c773e7ab9
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79a955ea4a2e5ddf4a36328959de0de496419888
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e40cb34b7f247fe2e366fd192700d1b4f38196ca
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6a079c3b6f95378f26e2aeda520cb3176f7067b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/647cef20e649c576dff271e018d5d15d998b629d
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html
Scores
| Version | Score | Vector | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H | Linux |
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H | NVD · 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 (Secondary) |
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.0 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H | NVD · nvd@nist.gov (Primary) |
European references
- ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-4797
- GCVE · GCVE-0-2025-21702
CERT-FR advisories
- CERTFR-2026-AVI-1298 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Siemens · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2026-AVI-0880 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Siemens · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2026-AVI-0081 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-1032 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-1009 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0759 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0723 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0668 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0649 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0607 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0587 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0547 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0529 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0509 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0492 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Siemens · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0463 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de Debian LTS · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0387 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0366 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0349 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0333 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de Debian · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0308 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
Affected configurations (NVD CPE)
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*≥ 2.6.34 < 5.4.291cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*≥ 5.5 < 5.10.235cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*≥ 5.11 < 5.15.179cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*≥ 5.16 < 6.1.130cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*≥ 6.2 < 6.6.83cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*≥ 6.7 < 6.12.14cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*≥ 6.13 < 6.13.3cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
Affected products
| Product | Versions |
|---|---|
| Linux · Linux | affected 57dbb2d83d100ea601c54fe129bfde0678db5dee < 78285b53266d6d51fa4ff504a23df03852eba84e ; affected 57dbb2d83d100ea601c54fe129bfde0678db5dee < 7a9723ec27aff5674f1fd4934608937f1d650980 ; affected 57dbb2d83d100ea601c54fe129bfde0678db5dee < a56a6e8589a9b98d8171611fbcc1e45a15fd2455 ; affected 57dbb2d83d100ea601c54fe129bfde0678db5dee < 020ecb76812a0526f4130ab5aeb6dc7c773e7ab9 ; affected 57dbb2d83d100ea601c54fe129bfde0678db5dee < 79a955ea4a2e5ddf4a36328959de0de496419888 ; affected 57dbb2d83d100ea601c54fe129bfde0678db5dee < e40cb34b7f247fe2e366fd192700d1b4f38196ca |
| Linux · Linux | affected 2.6.34 ; unaffected 0 < 2.6.34 ; unaffected 5.4.291 ≤ 5.4.* ; unaffected 5.10.235 ≤ 5.10.* ; unaffected 5.15.179 ≤ 5.15.* ; unaffected 6.1.130 ≤ 6.1.* |
Sources
| Source | Licence |
|---|---|
| CVE List (CVEProject cvelistV5) | CVE Program Terms of Use |
| EPSS (FIRST.org) | FIRST — attribution requested |
| ENISA EUVD | ENISA — reproduction authorised, source acknowledged |
| CERT-FR (ANSSI) | Licence Ouverte / Etalab 2.0 |
| NVD (NIST) via fkie-cad/nvd-json-data-feeds | Public domain — this product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD |