Denial-of-Service in gRPC (Google gRPC)
At a glance
- Source
- NVD
- EPSS
- EPSS 0.48 % · percentile 41 ()
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Published
- Updated
- Assigner
- NVD status
- Modified
Description
gRPC contains a vulnerability that allows hpack table accounting errors could lead to unwanted disconnects between clients and servers in exceptional cases/ Three vectors were found that allow the following DOS attacks: - Unbounded memory buffering in the HPACK parser - Unbounded CPU consumption in the HPACK parser The unbounded CPU consumption is down to a copy that occurred per-input-block in the parser, and because that could be unbounded due to the memory copy bug we end up with an O(n^2) parsing loop, with n selected by the client. The unbounded memory buffering bugs: - The header size limit check was behind the string reading code, so we needed to first buffer up to a 4 gigabyte string before rejecting it as longer than 8 or 16kb. - HPACK varints have an encoding quirk whereby an infinite number of 0’s can be added at the start of an integer. gRPC’s hpack parser needed to read all of them before concluding a parse. - gRPC’s metadata overflow check was performed per frame, so that the following sequence of frames could cause infinite buffering: HEADERS: containing a: 1 CONTINUATION: containing a: 2 CONTINUATION: containing a: 3 etc…
Weaknesses (CWE)
- CWE-834 — Excessive Iteration
- CWE-789 — Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
- CWE-770 — Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
References
Scores
| Version | Score | Vector | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H | |
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H | NVD · cve-coordination@google.com (Secondary) |
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H | NVD · nvd@nist.gov (Primary) |
Advisories
- GHSA-496j-2rq6-j6cc — Excessive Iteration in gRPC
- PYSEC-2026-1424 — Excessive Iteration in gRPC
European references
- ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-2204
- GCVE · GCVE-0-2023-33953
CERT-FR advisories
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0667 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans Juniper Secure Analytics · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2025-AVI-0608 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2024-AVI-0781 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Juniper Networks · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
Affected configurations (NVD CPE)
cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:-:*:*< 1.53.2cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:-:*:*≥ 1.54.0 < 1.54.3cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:-:*:*≥ 1.55.0 < 1.55.2cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:-:*:*≥ 1.56.0 < 1.56.2
Affected products
| Product | Versions |
|---|---|
| Google · gRPC | affected 0 < 1.56.1 |
Sources
| Source | Licence |
|---|---|
| CVE List (CVEProject cvelistV5) | CVE Program Terms of Use |
| EPSS (FIRST.org) | FIRST — attribution requested |
| ENISA EUVD | ENISA — reproduction authorised, source acknowledged |
| CERT-FR (ANSSI) | Licence Ouverte / Etalab 2.0 |
| NVD (NIST) via fkie-cad/nvd-json-data-feeds | Public domain — this product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD |